Range-based for loop: Difference between revisions

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<source lang="C">
<source lang="C">
// low .. (high - 1)
#define RANGE(var, low, high) \
#define RANGE(var, low, high) \
(typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (low), _end = (high); var < _end; ++var)
(typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (low), _end = (high); var < _end; ++var)


// https://stackoverflow.com/a/5458283
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/5458283
// (high - 1) .. low
#define REVERSE_RANGE(var, high, low) \
#define REVERSE_RANGE(var, high, low) \
(typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (high), _end = (low); var-- > _end; )
(typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (high), _end = (low); var-- > _end; )
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=== Usage ===
=== Usage ===


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Output
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
<source lang="C">
<source lang="C">
for RANGE(i, -1, 5) {
for RANGE(i, -1, 5) {
Line 21: Line 29:
}
}
</source>
</source>
||
<pre>
-1
0
1
2
3
4
</pre>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
<source lang="C">
for REVERSE_RANGE(i, 5, -1) {
printf("%d\n", i);
}
</source>
||
<pre>
4
3
2
1
0
-1
</pre>
|}


[[Category:C]]
[[Category:C]]

Latest revision as of 08:43, 28 April 2020

One of my pet peeves is the regular counting for loop in C where you have to repeat the variable name 3 times. This is error-prone in the case of nested loops, since the compiler has no way to know that you meant to increment j and not i. To prevent this kind of error, you can use a few helper macros that iterate over a range (forwards or backwards).

Definitions

// low .. (high - 1)
#define RANGE(var, low, high) \
    (typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (low), _end = (high); var < _end; ++var)

// https://stackoverflow.com/a/5458283
// (high - 1) .. low
#define REVERSE_RANGE(var, high, low) \
    (typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (high), _end = (low); var-- > _end; )

This automatically deduces the type of the index variable, so that e.g. RANGE(i, -1, 1) will use int, while RANGE(i, 0UL, 1UL) will use unsigned long. Note that typeof is a GNU/gcc extension, so this will not work on e.g. MSVC.

Usage

Code Output
for RANGE(i, -1, 5) {
    printf("%d\n", i);
}
-1
0
1
2
3
4
for REVERSE_RANGE(i, 5, -1) {
    printf("%d\n", i);
}
4
3
2
1
0
-1