Range-based for loop
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One of my pet peeves is the regular counting for loop in C where you have to repeat the variable name 3 times. This is error-prone in the case of nested loops, since the compiler has no way to know that you meant to increment j and not i. To prevent this kind of error, you can use a few helper macros that iterate over a range (forwards or backwards).
Definitions
// low .. (high - 1)
#define RANGE(var, low, high) \
(typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (low), _end = (high); var < _end; ++var)
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/5458283
// (high - 1) .. low
#define REVERSE_RANGE(var, high, low) \
(typeof(0 ? (low) : (high)) var = (high), _end = (low); var-- > _end; )
This automatically deduces the type of the index variable, so that e.g. RANGE(i, -1, 1) will use int, while RANGE(i, 0UL, 1UL) will use unsigned long. Note that typeof is a GNU/gcc extension, so this will not work on e.g. MSVC.
Usage
| Code | Output |
|---|---|
for RANGE(i, -1, 5) {
printf("%d\n", i);
}
|
-1 0 1 2 3 4 |
for REVERSE_RANGE(i, 5, -1) {
printf("%d\n", i);
}
|
4 3 2 1 0 -1 |